Hidden Disabilities and the Practicing Lawyer

Sara Granda and Stephanie Enyart both earned theBecause state bar associations are "public entities"
right to take the California Bar Exam. I say "earned"under the ADA, subsequent discriminatory disbarment
because in addition to graduating from law school andmay constitute violations of Title II of the ADA. Further
meeting the other requirements of California's Barviolations may occur if the disabled lawyer is denied full
Examiners, the two women suffered from disablingand fair participation in a discipline proceeding, or denied
disabilities. This made them intended congressionalother benefits based on his disability.
beneficiaries of the Americans With Disabilities ActOther discriminatory acts which may violate Title II
[ADA].arise in attempts by a lawyer who resigns or is
Granda, was left paralyzed from the neck down fromsuspended or disbarred to gain re-instatement. In
an auto accident. Enyart, suffers from Stargardt Illness,addition to provisions of the ADA, the safeguards
which is a deterioration of the central vision system.provided by the U.S. Constitution and federal civil rights
When the State Bar refused to let her sit for thestatutes apply to the re-instatement process. Thus
exam, Granda sued and took her case all the way upfurther violations could be found by state bar official's
to the California Supreme Court. Enyart sued therefusal to provide documents or impose unfair and
National Committee of Bar Examiners for its refusal todiscriminatory limitations on the re-instatement process.
let her sit for the bar exam using adaptive technologyThe most common remedy available to lawyers with
specially designed for persons with sight impairments.hidden disabilities is to file an ADA complaint with the
Both women gained national attention in the media andU.S. Department of Justice. ADA is enforced by the
eventually won.agency's Civil Rights Division. Local U.S. Attorneys can
Practicing lawyers with "hidden" ADA disabilities face areceive, investigate and refer ADA complaints. Upon
different set of obstacles than those like Granda andreceipt of a Title II ADA complaint, the Justice
Enyart who seek initial admission into one of America'sDepartment will attempt to resolve the matter
state bar associations. Hidden disabilities include learninginformally with the "public entity." If this can not be
disorders, psychological and other rare disorders.accomplished, it will provide the parties with a written
There are reported cases where opposing counselfinding of fact which includes the applicable remedies.
may take advantage of a lawyer's hidden disability toWhatever the facts or legal theories, it is always
gain an unfair advantage in litigation. One suchrecommended that the aggrieved lawyer seek the
technique is to file an ethical complaint which is notadvice of a competent and qualified lawyer
well-founded in law or fact. Other charges often raisedexperienced in disability rights law.
in these bogus disbarments are that the disabledNote: This article is for educational purposes only and
lawyer engaged in "acts of moral turpitude" or wasnot intended as legal advice.
"disrespectful to the court."